SCHIZOPHRENIC AND OTHER PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS
How is the term psychotic defined?
The narrowest definition of psychotic based on symptoms is restricted to delusions or prominent hallucinations occuring in the absence of insight into their pathological nature, Broader, the definition includes other positive symptoms of Schizophrenia that is, disorganized or catatonic behavior. Finally, the term has been defined conceptually as a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing. The following disorders are included in this classification:
1) Schizophrenia 2) Schizophreniform Disorder 3) Schizoaffective Disorder 4) Delusional Disorder 5) Brief Psychotic Disorder 6) Shared Psychotic Disorder 7) Psychotic Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition 8) Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder; and 9) Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.
MOOD DISORDERS
What are mood disorders?
These are disorders that have a disturbance in emotional tone to the point where excessive and inappropriate depression or elation occurs. This classification is divided into 3 parts:
1) Mood Episodes 2) Manic Episodes, 3) Mixed Episodes; and 4) Hypomatic Episode.
The Mood Disorders include: 1) Major Depressive Disorder; 2) Dysthmic Disorder; and 3) Bipolar I Disorder.
What are some episode features?
In major Depressive Episode, there is a period of at least 2 consecutive weeks during which there is either depressed mood or the loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities. In children and adolescents the mood may be irritable rather than sad! Four additional symptoms include changes in appetite or weight, sleep, and psychomotor activity; decreased energy; feelings or worthlessness or guilt; difficulty thinking; concentrating or making decisions; or recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation, plans, or attempts.
In Manic episode there is a period during which there is an abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable period for at least 1 week. Three additional symptoms are seen: inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, pressure of speech, flight of ideas, distractability, increased involvement in goal-directed activities or psychomotor agitation, and excessive involvement in pleasurable activities with a high potential for painful consequences.
In Mixed Episode, the symptoms of both manic and depressed occurs nearly everday for at least 1 week.
In Hypomanic Episode, there is a distinct period during which there is an abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood that lasts at least 4 days accompanied by at least 3 additional symptoms from a list that includes inflated self-esteem or grandiosity (non delusional), decreased need for sleep, pressure of speech, flight of ideas, distractibility, increased involvement in goal oriented activities or psychomotor agitation, and excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences. Delusions or hallucinations cannot be present.
ANXIETY DISORDERS
What are anxiety disorders?
This is a cover term for a variety of maladaptive syndromes with severe anxiety.
These are:
1) Panic Disorder without Agoraphobia
2) Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia
3) Agoraphobia without History of Panic Disorder;
4) Specific Phobia
5) Social Phobia;
6) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder;
7) Post Traumatic Stress Disorder;
8) Acute Stress Disorder;
9) Generalized Anxiety Disorder;
10) Anxiety Disorder Due to a General Medication Condition;
11) Substance - Induced Anxiety Disorder; and
12) Anxiety Disorder not Otherwise Specified. The specified phobia include animal type; natural environment type; Blood injection injury type, and situational type.
What are the typical examples of phobia?
These are:
1. Achluphobias or myotophobia - fear of the dark
2. Acrophobia - fear of high places
3. Agoraphobia - fear of open places
4. Aichophobia - fear of sharp
5. Algophobia - fear of pain
6. Arachnephobia - fear of spiders
7. Astraphobia - fear of thunder, lightning or storms
8. Cheimophobia - fear of cold
9. Claustrophobia - fear of closed places
10. Dipsophobia - fear of drinking
11. Ecophobia or Oikophobia - fear of home
12. Electrophobia - fear of electricity
13. Erythrophobia - fear of blushing
14. Gamophobia - fear of marriage
15. Hematophobia - fear of blood
16. Ideaphobia - fear of thoughts
17. Ochlophobia - fear of crowds
18. Pathophobia - fear of disease
19. Phobophobia - fear of developing a phobia
20. Ryophobia - fear of dirt
21. Sitophobia - fear of eating
22. Taphophobia - fear of being burried alive
23. Thermophobia - fear of heat
24. Xenophobia - fear of strangers
SOMATO FORM DISORDERS
What are the Somatoform Disorders?
These are disorders that belong to a class of mental disorder in which there is clear and present physical symptoms that are suggestive of a somatic disorder but where there no detectable organic damage or neurophysiological dysfunction that can explain the symptoms and there is a strong presumption that they are linked to psychological factors.
The Somatoform Disorders include: Somatization Disorder; Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder; Conversion Disorder; Pain Disorder; Hypovhondriasis; Body Dysmorphic Disorder; and Somatoform Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.
What are the Factitious Disorders?
These are disorders characterized by physical or psychological symptoms that are intentionally produced in order to assume the sick role. The presentation may include fabrication of subjective complaints. Example: complaints of acute abdominal pain in the absence of such pain. They include: with predominantly Psychological Signs and Symptoms; with Predominantly Physical Signs and Symptoms and with combined psychological and physical signs and symptoms; and factitious not otherwise specified.
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS
What are dissociative disorders?
These are disruption in the usually integrated function of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment. The disturbance may be sudden or gradual, transient or chronic. The disorders include:
1) Dissociative Amnesia. Which is characterized by inability to recall important personal information, usually of traumatic or stressful nature, too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness.
2) Dissociative Fuge. Characterized by sudden unexpected travel away from home, or one's customary place of work, accompanied by inability to recall important personal information that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness.
3) Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly Multiple Personality Disorder) characterized by the presence of 2 or more distinct identities or personality sates recurrently take control of the individual's behavior accompanied by inability to recall important personal information that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness.
4) Depersonalization Disorder. Characterized by a persistent or recurrent feeling of being detached from one's mental processes or body that is accompanied by intact reality testing.
5) Dissociative Disorder Not Otherwise Specified have symptoms which do not meet the criteria for any specific Dissociative Disorder.
